b

Email: Peter Collier

A sample articles are available to download free from:http://www.tandfonline.com/action/showOpenAccess?journalCode=ysre20

To ascertain other articles which have been written by a particular author:

1. Go to http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/ysre20/current
2. Type in search topic in search box at top/centre of page e.g. author's name
3. Click on 'Search'

Survey Review 56, No 399. November/December 2024

1. Model agnostic interpretable machine learning for residential property valuation
Tugba Gunes

Machine learning algorithms commonly outperform the traditional hedonic models in property valuation; however, it is hard to capture the inner workings of these complex models due to their black-box nature. To address the opaqueness of ML models, this study applies model-agnostic interpretability methods at the both global and local levels for a Random Forest model which provided better prediction accuracy than Support Vector Machines and eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithms in predicting residential property prices. The results of this study suggest that interpretable ML methods can bring transparency to opaque ML models, and visualize feature effects and interactions in property valuation models.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2293366

2. The prevalent perplexities and countermeasures of the survey and settlement operation of Bangladesh
Shakil Ahmed & Rafea Khatun

Identification of land through an effective land survey ensures a secure land tenure system as well as conveys a smooth settlement of land disputes. At this backdrop, the study is framed with the objective of assessing the efficacy of Zonal Settlement System (ZSS) in Bangladesh. Using non-doctrinal data collection techniques, the study found that the prevailing settlement operation conducted under ZSS in Bangladesh is surrounded by a traditional, complex, and lengthy survey method. The study also revealed that insufficient manpower, inadequacy of technical support, administrative misfeasance, and ineffective dispute resolution arrangements worsen the situation. However, the study discovered that initiation of digital land survey and inauguration of an extensive capacitybuilding program will be instrumental in overcoming the crisis. Based on the deliberate discussion, the study also recommends for establishing a time-saving and fruitful land surveying approach, along with effective and robust supervisory administration and dispute resolution authority.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2309748

3. Customary land secretariats as a panacea for improved land governance in Ghana
Senu Maha-Atma Pomevor

The Customary Land Secretariats (CLS) are established to keep accurate and updated records of land transactions which would improve land governance. A case study of the Wassa Fiase traditional area was carried out to examine the role of CLSs in improving land governance in Ghana for understanding their prospects and challenges. The study revealed that the CLS would provide transparency and accountability in land administration. However, the chiefs do not understand the CLS concept, hence they do not own it. The CLS was not financially sustainable making it difficult to recruit the requisite and qualified staff.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2318521

4. Part segmentation method of point cloud considering optimal allocation and optimal mask based on deep learning
Xijiang Chen, Xi Sun, Bufan Zhao, Dongmei Tan & Chong Wu

In order to enhance the generalization ability of the network and improve the precision of the part segmentation, a point cloud part segmentation method which takes into account the optimal allocation and the optimal mask is proposed. Firstly, the optimal allocation between two point clouds is defined according to earth mover's distance. Then the farthest point sampling is used to group the point cloud, and the saliency of each point in the group is calculated. Finally, a new mixed sample is generated by replacing a partial subset of another point cloud sample with a local neighborhood in one point cloud sample. In this paper, the ShapeNet dataset was verified and the enhanced data was transferred to PointNet, Pointnet ++ and DGCNN models using this method. The mIoU increased from 83.7%, 85.1% and 85.1% to 84.6%, 85.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Effectively improve the effect of part segmentation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2323289

5. L1-norm optimisation of rank deficient GNSS networks by an improved Grey Wolf method
V. Mahboub, S. Ebrahimzadeh, A. Baghani, A. Rastegar & M. Zanganeh

An improved grey wolf optimization (GWO) is proposed for direct L1-norm optimization in rank deficient GNSS networks to detect outliers since the standard GWO and the global optimization (GO) algorithms cannot deal with such problems. In contrast to the traditional method for L1-norm minimization which is solved by a cumbersome search of linear programming (LP) problem, in this algorithm, one only requires to input the target function. Furthermore, it has a greater ability to detect gross errors of observables with low reliability compared to traditional methods such as LP. Moreover, it does not consider the correct observables as blunders in contrast to some algorithms such as the iteratively reweighted least-squares (IRLS) method, which may consider them as outliers. The numerical results of real and simulated GNSS networks approve the efficiency of the new algorithm.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2327124

6. Performance evaluation of triple-frequency GPS/Galileo/BDS single-epoch medium baseline RTK positioning
Yingchun You, Maohua liu & Yan Wang

Single-epoch real-time kinematics (RTK) has drawn attention for its benefits in managing cycle slips, yet research is mostly confined to short baselines. In this contribution, the triple-frequency GPS/Galileo/BDS single-epoch medium baseline RTK model is presented. Based on nine medium baselines, the positioning performance of triple-frequency single-epoch RTK is demonstrated and compared with the corresponding results of traditional dual-frequency scheme. It is shown that the triple-frequency scheme has a correctly fixing rate of 97.6%, which is roughly 5.6% higher than that of the dual-frequency scheme. For all solutions, including fixed and float epochs, the triple-frequency scheme achieves positioning accuracy of approximately 2.2, 1.8, and 5.3 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively, which is half the accuracy of the dual-frequency scheme. These results suggest triple-frequency observations enhance single-epoch medium RTK ambiguity resolution, potentially achieving centimetre-level accuracy in sparse reference station environments like offshore and desert regions.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2342671

7. GOGCN: an attentional network with geometry and orientation-awareness for airborne LiDAR point cloud classification
Yang Chen, Jianzhou Li, Yin Xing, Xiao Li & Lili Luo

The airborne LiDAR point cloud has its own characteristics, however, the classification method always fails to capture these characteristics. In this paper, a classification method named GOGCN was designed that adopts a U-Net network structure and uses a directionally constrained nearest neighbourhood search during down-sampling to generate the directionally aware feature. The point cloud geometric structure is obtained through geometry-aware information extraction, and then a graph attention convolution is utilised to learn the most representative features. A comparative experiment on GML(B) dataset and one engineering dataset demonstrated that GOGCN network have well performance and can be widely used in classification.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2341502

8. Conformal mapping at elevation with implications for low-distortion projections
Craig M. Rollins & Thomas H. Meyer

This article develops the theory of the conformal mapping of the surface of constant height above the ellipsoid (ChS), which has implications for the design of low-distortion projections. This paper gives a development of the Mercator, polar stereographic, Lambert conformal conic (LCC) and transverse Mercator (TM) projections based on the ChS, a better Earth model than the reference ellipsoid (RE) for positions at height. This article provides new formulas for the LCC and TM inverse scale problems – when given a value for the local scale function, where does it occur? These formulas apply to both traditional mapping on the RE and novel mapping on the ChS.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2348851

Survey Review 56, No 398. September/October 2024

1. Impact of using type mean vs. individual receiver antenna PCC in multi-GNSS PPP
Karol Dawidowicz & Mieczysław Bakuła

In the paper, the differences between position components obtained using the precise point positioning (PPP) technique with individual and type mean PCC models were investigated. Daily GNSS observations from ten selected European Permanent Network (EPN) stations were used in the study. Eight different combinations of GPS, Galileo, BeiDou and GLONASS systems observations were proposed for analyses. The observation processing was done using the open-source software package GAMP. The results show that differences in the calibration models propagate to the position domain. Position offsets, resulting from the use of individual calibrations instead of the type mean, reach up to 10 mm in the vertical component while are generally keeping below 2 mm in the horizontal ones. The analysis also shows that adapting GPS PCCs to other GNSS (e.g. Galileo or BeiDou) signals does not significantly increase achieved position component differences.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2259734

2. Research on the performance of the PPP-AR technique under different FCB product services
Furkan Karlitepe & Bahattin Erdogan

Researchers and manufacturers use the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. After the phase biases of the satellites are resolved from GNSS networks, they are broadcast to users as Fractional Cycle Bias (FCB). In this study, FCB products provided by WUHAN, CODE, CNES and JAXA services were downloaded and PPP Ambiguity Resolution solutions were realised by Net_Diff software. For ten days in 2022, 24-hour observations were collected from 40 International GNSS Service stations. As a result, it has been observed that WUHAN and CODE services provided the ±1 cm or ±5 cm accuracy level by converging in short-term observations.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2259736

3. Performance assessment of continuously operating reference stations using the deemed rover analysis approach with NRTK GNSS technique in Thailand
Puttipol Dumrongchai, Nantawat Kongkratock, Chalermchon Satirapod & Khetsophon Phinyo

The study initiated an evaluation of the GNSS continuously operating reference stations (CORS) performance for Network-based Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) positioning in Thailand, using the deemed rover analysis approach. Fifty CORS were selected as rovers with varying network geometries. Results indicated the highest performance, 79.9% of fixed solutions, for an average triangle side length of 54 km, while the lowest performance, 29.9%, was observed for a 93 km length with accuracies at a decimetre level. These initial explorations suggest that reducing side lengths enhances fixed solution efficiency and positioning accuracy at rovers. Occasional metre-level errors occurred, potentially linked to Internet instability.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2268411

4. Modelling of spatial planning systems with LADM standard: the case in Turkish regulatory planning system
Okan Yılmaz, Hicret Gürsoy Sürmeneli & Mehmet Alkan

Spatial planning includes various decisions that guide the formulation of land policies, such as planned urbanisation, environment-nature-culture protection, and safe agriculture. Land Administration Systems (LASs) should also include spatial planning decisions as they play a role in facilitating the implementation of land policies. In this study, the Turkish spatial planning system's role in the land administration is discussed. The paper presents the necessity of designing and standardising the spatial planning system as data model. This data model design includes not only spatial plan decisions but also documents that guide spatial planning and land development decisions caused by planning. Therefore, this study aims to present a standardised model of the Turkish spatial planning system and the land use rights, restrictions and responsibilities established by spatial plans. Designing spatial planning system information as a conceptual data model within the Land Administration Domain Model is expected to support land administration system-based improvements.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2282274

5. Land administration domain model profile for Kenya
Clifford Okembo, Christiaan Lemmen, David Kuria & Jaap Zevenbergen

Developing a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) profile for a country is an important process. This enables sound management of land and facilitates complete Land Administration covering cadaster, registry, valuation, taxation and land use. By considering the current processes in that country, their legal or customary framework, an ideal model can be developed. Kenya has four requirements that were identified and addressed as key considerations. The ISO LADM packages and sub package were considered necessary, while most classes were adopted with additional attributes, code lists and multiplicities. Expert opinion on the model was solicited to inform and validate the model. The model presents a starting point for modernizing and completing the land administration process in Kenya. The modernization includes data exchange and interoperability, data and system integration, deployment model, workflows, capacity development and change management.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2293360

6. Assessment of temporal variations of orthometric/normal heights at proposed International Height Reference Frame sites using GRACE/GRACE-FO
Samuel Milki Yadeta, Walyeldeen Godah, Malgorzata Szelachowska & Georgia Fotopoulos

The objective of this research is to assess temporal variations of orthometric/normal height (ΔH/ΔH*) at proposed International Height Reference Frame (IHRF) sites. GRACE/GRACE-FO-based Global Geopotential Models were utilised to determine temporal variations of geoid/quasigeoid height (ΔN/Δζ) and time-dependent changes of ellipsoidal height (Δh) induced from the temporal mass loading at those sites. ΔH/ΔH* at each site were determined by combining ΔN/Δζ and Δh. The results reveal that ΔH/ΔH* at proposed IHRF sites cannot be considered negligible as peak-to-peak variation of ΔH/ΔH* can reach 81 mm, and secular variations of ΔH/ΔH* range from approximately –2 mm/year to 9 mm/year.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2293367

7. Augmentation approaches for geodetic permanent monitoring systems in dynamic urban environments
P. Bauer & W. Lienhart

The consolidation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on construction sites and the preparation of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) in urban city planning are on-going processes. Therefore, the operation of modern total stations in dynamic urban scenarios becomes inevitable and often reveals the limitations of state-of-the-art approaches. This paper discusses augmentation strategies for the automatic operation of total stations. Additional internal sensor information and external facility information can be used to increase the resilience of the systems and enable them to adapt to changing circumstances. This is demonstrated by the examples of a changing prism orientation due to vandalism, local refraction effects due to air-conditioning and dynamic obstructions due to traffic.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2293555

8. Registration of oblique photography point clouds with terrestrial laser scanning point clouds based on geometric features of irregular building
Jinghai Xu, Haoran Jing & Nan Shen

Matching the terrestrial laser scan point clouds with the unmanned aerial oblique photography point clouds of high-rise irregular buildings can make them complementary. The challenge lies in the different sources and qualities, besides arbitrary angular deviations of the two types of point clouds. We propose a registration method based on point and line features, which automatically recognises the features of these point clouds using normal vectors and 3D-Harris, and solves the registration parameters through rigorous adjustment. The registration model, process and method are introduced. Finally, through the analysis of real case examples, it was found that the registration result of this method was better than the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) in the analysed cases, the proposed registration method not only exhibits good automation but also has the ability to ignore various differences in heterogeneous point clouds, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of registration for such point clouds.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2307685

Survey Review 56, No 397. July/August 2024

1. Interactive planning of GNSS monitoring applications with virtual reality
Peter Bauer, Caroline Schönberger & Werner Lienhart

In conventional GNSS planning software, the local circumstances at the antenna locations are hardly covered. Due to uniform cut-off angles in the elevation of the satellite orbits, the quality investigations are often not representative at inhomogeneous areas (e.g. vicinity of mountains or buildings). An experimental software was developed in Unity with ray-tracing approaches to evaluate the satellite constellation on the basis of actual on-site geometry with virtual reality. The software has been tested in a real-life use case for the simulation of GNSS measurements at an Austrian water dam. Furthermore, the results have been validated by actual GNSS measurements on-site.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2345450

2. Demographic transition in aging neighborhoods: a GIS-based analysis from Germany's countryside
Markus Schaffert & Torge Steensen

The ongoing demographic transition within aging single-family house neighborhoods in Germany poses a significant challenge for municipalities. The scarcity of data and information related to demographic composition and location quality complicates research efforts and the development of adaptive strategies for these residential areas. This issue is particularly pronounced in rural regions where resources for capturing and analyzing demographic trends are limited. To address this gap, we propose a methodology based on geographic information systems. In this approach, municipal population registers serve as a central data source for extracting insights about the residents. We present the findings primarily in the form of maps, as they are intended to be easily comprehensible for urban planners and local government staff. Additionally, we outline the initial steps in establishing a small-scale monitoring system that incorporates demographic indicators as well as reachability estimates. A case study from northern Bavaria is used as an illustration.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2024.2340896

3. A novel parallel constrained extended Kalman filter for improving navigation algorithm – case study: gas pipeline
I. Hatefi Afshar, M. R. Delavar & B. Moshiri

In many real navigation problems, moving objects may have some state or measurement constraints along their way. Using these constraints in conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) equations results large matrices which are computationally time-consuming. In this paper, a new Constrained Navigation Filter (CNF) is proposed as a parallel to reduce the computational burden of the conventional EKF algorithm while increasing the positioning accuracy. So a methodology has been developed for Strap-down Inertial Navigation System (SINS) based on MEMS IMU applied on Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) to sense data at constant sampling rate of 108 km of the pipeline. The results verified that using such a hybrid approach has improved positional accuracy 8.97% in comparison with that of the latest methods like EKF/ Pipe Line Junctions (PLJ). Also, the proposed method is 2.277 times better than EKF/PLJ in the algorithm runtime.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2244291

4. Technical thinking: how does e-land administration system promote the efficiency of cross-sectoral collaborative land governance in China?
Yang Cheng & Pengpeng Li

The involvement of multiple stakeholders complicates urban land governance. The e-Land Administration System (e-LAS) is expected to help decision-makers cope with this challenge. The aim of this research is to explore the mechanism through which e-LAS promotes efficient cross-sectoral collaborative land governance (CSCLG) and to test its effectiveness in a Chinese city through an empirical case study. The results of interview and documentary analysis show that the mechanism encompasses three parts: the technical tools of e-LAS, the subgoals of CSCLG, and CSCLG’s technical requirements on e-LAS. These technical tools work together to speed up the process of inputting and outputting information, building relationships, facilitating communication, and assisting collaborative decision-making among both internal and external stakeholders. However, our study of the e-LAS in the case city reveals that specific technical tools for collaborative decision-making are not well-developed, suggesting that China is still in the early stage of implementing functional e-LAS for CSCLG.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2247680

5. Extraction and geospatial analysis of the Hersek Lagoon shoreline with Sentinel-2 satellite data
Halil İbrahim Şenol, Yunus Kaya, Abdurahman Yasin Yiğit & Murat Yakar

The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration is going very slow with only 4% of administrative units completed in almost ten years. The work is done by the private sector and is verified by local cadastral offices (OCPI). This research purpose is to find what is the quality of work and the areas where the private sector needs to improve the quality of the land registration service, in the opinion of 26 OCPI directors. The results show that, in spite of the delays in the project, the work provided by the private sector is seen as qualitative or mostly qualitative by the majority of OCPI directors interviewed. However, from the eight quality dimensions considered for this research, three of them registered percentages that require attention from the private sector, in order to be improved: credibility, reliability of the service or the level of competency of the human resource.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2257969

6. Impact of land users on the issuance of land use right certificates: A case study in Thanh Hoa City, Vietnam
Nguyen Dinh Trung & Pham Phuong Nam

The goal of the study is to determine how land users affect the land certification process when compared with other factors. We investigated government officials who carry out land certification procedures through a two-step survey to identify hypothetical factors that influence land certification. A multivariable regression model of hypothetical factors affecting land certification was tested by evaluation criteria. There are 26 factors belonging to 7 groups affecting land use right certificate issuance. Their impact rates ranged from 3.43% to 25.95%. Land users impact the issuance of land certificates with an impact rate of 20.82%. This puts them in the second most influential group after the group of policy and legal factors. For the land certificate to be granted smoothly and on schedule, it is necessary to pay attention to solving issues related to land users, legal policies, and other factors that have a smaller impact rate.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2258654

7. Assessment of the trends of urban land lease price from spatio-temporal perspective in Ethiopia: evidence from Bahir Dar City
Habtamu Bishaw Asres, Habtamu Sitotaw Semahegne & Abebe Mengaw Wubie

Land price maps help the government and stakeholders to recognize fluctuations in land values in the economy. This paper aims to examine the trends of land lease prices from spatio-temporal perspectives for development. The study employed a mixed research approach. The result indicated that the lease price of residential land has been increasing rapidly in the past decade. Inefficiency in the land administration system, high speculation, and low provision of land for auction are the main drivers for the increment. The researchers thus suggest that the government rethink the tenure system, impose the maximum number and size of land parcels, and introduce the capital gain tax.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2258653

8. A direct approach for L1-norm minimisation
Vahid Mahboub

A straightforward algorithm is proposed for L1-norm minimisation. The proposed algorithm is based on grey wolf optimisation which is a meta-heuristic method. Although L1-norm is an efficient tool for robust estimation and outlier detection, the complexity of its implementation made it less useful than L2-norm since after formulation of the L1-norm minimisation for a certain problem one must solve a linear programming problem by a search method while here we only need to set the corresponding L1-norm target function. Two geodetic examples approve the efficiency of the proposed approach.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2271251

Survey Review 56, No 396. May/June 2024

1. The dynamics of access and exclusion of women to land resources. a case study of Tambakha Simibungie Chiefdom, North-west Province, Sierra Leone
Bankolay Theodore Turay, Romanus Dogkubong Dinye, Patrick Opoku & Ibrahim Sorie Koroma

For poor women in rural areas, land is the most critical economic resource. It is essential to have policies that facilitate access to and effective control of land and other natural resources to achieve inclusive growth and eradicate poverty. It is the weaker variants of inequalities that stifle tenure security, reduce land use, and threaten food security for those who depend on the land. Women's access to land and land resources has been a contested right and is still a serious concern in many countries. A mixedmethod case study methodology involving questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions was used to collect data. The study find that women were not allowed to take part in any land-related decision-making process, women's access to land resources was determined by other structural mechanisms and factors such as capital, labour and social relations not solely related to their relationships with their male counterparts.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2223421

2. An assessment of the Ethiopian national rural land administration information system conceptual model using LADM as a reference
Adane Mehari Getie & Tadesse Amsalu Birhanu

The Land Administration and Use Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture in Ethiopia designed a National Rural Land Administration Information System (NRLAIS). Its purpose was to align with the development of international standards in the land administration domain, specifically the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), and to ensure the security of cadastral data. The findings revealed the necessity of designing the conceptual model and comparing NRLAIS classes with the LADM basic classes accepted by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 19152). Though the comparison showed compatibility between the two, some differences are observed in classes and attributes between the LADM and the NRLAIS. Gaps were identified on recording types of rights, restrictions, responsibilities and land legislation gaps. This study highlights the importance of adopting the LADM to restructure the NRLAIS conceptual model and reconsider the missing components to enhance the conceptual model and management of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2225266

3. Best (orthogonal) fitting ellipsoid with quaternions
Sebahattin Bektas

The aim of this study is the determination of the best fit ellipsoid to given points by quaternions. The problem of the fitting ellipsoid is frequently encountered in image processing, computer games, medicine, engineering and science applications, geodesy, etc. The ellipsoid fitting problem is the process of determining the ellipsoid that best fits a given set of points in 3D. In the fitting process, it is generally done over two models. The first of these is the algebraic method and the second one is orthogonal (geometric) method. In this study, we tried to solve the problem of algebraic and orthogonal ellipsoid fitting based on Euler angles for the first time over quaternions. The superiority of quaternions over Euler rotation angles is well known. In addition, the variance–covariance matrix of the parameters of the fitted ellipsoid will also be calculated. Numerical applications show that the proposed method can be used successfully.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2225899

4. On transformations of ellipsoidal (triaxial) orthogonal curvilinear coordinates
Tomás Soler & Jen-Yu Han

Ellipsoidal orthogonal curvilinear coordinates referred to a triaxial reference ellipsoid are not used in geodesy perhaps because of their theoretical complexity. However, many surveying and geodetic problems could be resolved by simply transforming variables between local frames. Herein it is shown that the computations of local displacements and variance-covariance matrices referred to currently used local curvilinear geodetic coordinate frames gives approximately the same answers than when referred to local ellipsoidal (triaxial) curvilinear frames. The theoretical procedures to obtain the required transformations between local geodetic and local ellipsoidal (triaxial) frames are introduced and examples explained.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2229590

5. A quality assessment of the Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration the point of view of local cadastral offices directors
Vlad Păunescu, Alexandru Iulian Iliescu, Mariana Cătălina Călin, Tudor Sălăgean, Divyani Kohli, Mircea-Emil Nap & Elemer-Emanuel Șuba

The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration is going very slow with only 4% of administrative units completed in almost ten years. The work is done by the private sector and is verified by local cadastral offices (OCPI). This research purpose is to find what is the quality of work and the areas where the private sector needs to improve the quality of the land registration service, in the opinion of 26 OCPI directors. The results show that, in spite of the delays in the project, the work provided by the private sector is seen as qualitative or mostly qualitative by the majority of OCPI directors interviewed. However, from the eight quality dimensions considered for this research, three of them registered percentages that require attention from the private sector, in order to be improved: credibility, reliability of the service or the level of competency of the human resource.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2233825

6. Partial ambiguity resolution considering the multipath effects in a canyon environment
Yi Dong, Zhetao Zhang, Lili Pang, Hanchuan Dong & Yanxin Shi

In the urban canyon environment, the integer ambiguity is hard to be fixed completely mainly because of the multipath effects, hence partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) is developed. This paper systematically introduces a new model-driven PAR method considering elevation and C/N0. Firstly, the theory of partial ambiguity resolution, the elevation-C/N0 function, and the proposed elevation-C/N0 PAR method are deduced in detail. Secondly, the proposed elevation-C/N0 method is applied in the static and dynamic experiments. The performances of the proposed method are compared with the full ambiguity resolution method, traditional elevation-dependent method, and C/N0-dependent method. Comparisons indicate that the proposed elevation-C/N0 method outperforms other methods. The results show that no matter in the urban static experiment or the dynamic experiment, the ambiguity resolution and positioning solutions can be improved.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2243428

Survey Review 56, No 395. March/April 2024

1. Detection of GNSS spoofing using the Fourier transform of correlator outputs and mitigation using an autoencoder neural network
S. Tohidi, M. R. Mosavi & A. A. Abedi

Present study focuses on defense against carry-off-type spoofing attacks which often cause distortion in the correlation function profile. Investigation of the frequency characteristics of the correlation function is proposed to detect the presence of the spoofing signal. Having detected the spoofing signal, it is suggested to use an autoencoder neural network to deal with the impacts of the spoofing. The autoencoder neural network removes distortions caused by the spoofing signal from the correlation function. Results demonstrate that the proposed detection method achieves a higher than 98% detection rate and autoencoder-based approach mitigates spoofing attacks by an average of 92.64%.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2203024

2. Geometry-free TDRTK: a new time-difference RTK model considering multi-frequency observations
Chunhe Liu, Hongzhou Chai, Minzhi Xiang & Zhenqiang Du

The time difference RTK (TDRTK) of GNSS can obtain high-precision baseline constraints to control the cumulative error of dead reckoning technology. However, the availability of traditional TDRTK decreases sharply with the increase of time interval. A geometry-free TDRTK method with quality control using multi-frequency observations is proposed to solve this problem. Experimental shows that in the dynamic condition of a stand-alone GNSS receiver, the average and maximum relative position accuracy (10 min and 10 kilometres tests) of the proposed method are improved by 42.2% and 44.2% compared with the existing methods.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2207066

3. Analysis of the existing rural land legislations in regulating interests on land in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
Adane Mehari Getie, Tadesse Amsalu Birhanu & Teshome Taffa Dadi

For decades, the absence of land policies has contributed to land degradation in developing countries. The Amhara region of Ethiopia has formulated legislation and registered land. This study examined the impacts of legislation on regulating land rights and restrictions. The study highlights that the legislation has provided landholders with opportunities to secure land rights. However, the study revealed that the existing legislation has gaps in regulating restrictions and responsibilities and lacks land policy; as a result, weak land governance has ensued in the region. To mitigate these problems, the government should formulate a land policy, spatial framework and strengthen land institutions.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2207068

4. Borneo triangulation 1968: a review and the way forward
Joanes Jawan, Tajul Ariffin Musa, Wan Anom Wan Aris, Rozlan Putit, Ramzi Abdillah & Mohamad Iskandar Mohamad Usop

Triangulation is a classical geodetic practice to establish survey control networks by using measurements of angles and some spare distances. In this way, a series of reference points or simply called ‘trigs’ is spreading over the country. This paper aims to review geodetic survey work that was carried out for the East Malaysia and Brunei from 1918 to 1968 which is covering about 204,119 square kilometres'. However, this classical geodetic datum is not directly compatible with the current surveying trends based on Global Navigation Satellite System technologies. Therefore, in this review covered concepts and history of triangulation systems, datums and the status of transformation plan to modernise geodetic datum for Sarawak.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2207327

5. On auxiliary latitudes
Charles F. F. Karney

The auxiliary latitudes are essential tools in cartography. This paper summarizes methods for converting between them with an emphasis on providing full double-precision accuracy. This includes series expansions in the third flattening, where the truncation error is precisely measured and where estimates of the radii of convergence are given. Also new formulas are given for computing the rectifying and authalic latitudes with minimal roundoff error.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2217604

6. Weighted and partial total least squares method for the EIV model with linear equality and inequality constraints
Yanmin Jin, Lizhou Sun, Xiaohua Tong, Shijie Liu, Yongjiu Feng & Sicong Liu

A weighted and partial total least squares method for the errors-in-variables (EIV) model with linear equality and inequality constraints is presented. A collected observation vector is formed by the independent variables both in the observation vector and the design matrix. The proposed model is solved based on the Lagrange method and by transforming the problem into a linear complementary problem. The performance of the proposed method is studied by two numerical experiments. The results show that, the proposed method is capable of solving the linearly constrained EIV model efficiently.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2218672

7. GNSS rover receivers’ horizontal positioning accuracy assessments based on NRTK-VRS surveying
Teetat Charoenkalunyuta, Chalermchon Satirapod, Namphon Saksanit & Thayathip Thongtan

This research investigates a horizontal positioning accuracy obtained from the NRTK-VRS GNSS positioning technique. Measured and computed RMSEs are compared based on the data obtained from 2122 test points within the GNSS CORS network. Rover controllers and receivers have been applied for positioning solutions at every designed test point and their corresponding RMSE measurements. This work compares the measured and computed RMSEs based on this network real-time positioning. Result shows that the 1.5 cm of measured RMSE from the controller is equivalent to 3.4 cm of the computed horizontal positioning accuracy; therefore, the scale factor is 2.27.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2231703

8. A general model of RCR modification and its geoid determination
Linshan Zhong, Hongqing Li, Bin Wang, Shi Liu & Qiong Wu

The Stokes operator is used to transform gravity anomaly into geoid, and the remove-compute-restore (RCR) technique and Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) method are commonly employed in calculating the geoid. The KTH method estimates the geoid by (least-squares modification of Stokes formula) LSMSF, while the traditional RCR technique maintains its unbiasedness mathematically. This study modifies the RCR technique by adding a set of adjustment parameters, and proposes a general model of RCR modification to obtain the optimal solution. This model is unbiased when taking the adjustment parameters as zeros, which explains its generalization, and the equivalence between it and LSMSF is illustrated. The additive corrections for the RCR modification are re-derived. The test in Northeast China indicated that the proposed model can reach high accuracy at small integration radius, and refine the quasi-geoid with the best precision comparing with other methods.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2218682

Survey Review 56, No 394. January/February 2024

1. Blockchain-oriented geospatial architecture model for real-time land registration
Ali Erdem Ozcelik

Obtaining geo-data and attributes of spatial units from heterogeneous database systems with different data formats for the same land properties is still one of the main problems. The emerging technologies, such as decentralized databases, distributed networks and big data powered by blockchain, can potentially improve land registration processes. In this article, I developed a data model for a geospatially enabled blockchain infrastructure, using an object-oriented architecture model. Such a model can better find spatio-temporal patterns of land transactions and better query time-varying locations of land properties. Additionally, it will make the land registry system secure and protect privacy.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2022.2156755

2. Urban surface deformation monitoring and prediction by integrating SBAS-InSAR and Elman neural network
Chaoqun Teng, Lei Wang & Chuang Jiang

The existing prediction methods have complex model application, high requirements for data parameters, and are limited to the prediction of a single observation point. To address this problem, this paper proposes a deep learning-based surface subsidence prediction method. Taking Hefei City of China as the research area, the time-series surface deformation results of this area are obtained by using SBAS-InSAR, and then the SFLA intelligent algorithm and Elman neural network model are combined to predict the surface deformation of key urban areas, and the prediction results are compared and analyzed.The experimental results show that the prediction model proposed in this paper can not only accurately predict a single deformation point, but also predict regional land subsidence, and can be used for auxiliary decision-making of urban spatial planning, early warning of geological hazards and hazard mitigation.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2022.2157119

3. Automatic segmentation and parallel phased least squares for highly efficient geodetic network parameter estimation
Roger W. Fraser, Frank J. Leahy & Philip A. Collier

This paper describes a novel automatic segmentation algorithm and parallel phased least squares strategy. These developments have been motivated by a requirement to repeatedly estimate extremely large parameter sets from massive and constantly changing geodetic networks in a highly efficient manner. The challenge of solving parameter sets efficiently, together with the inverse of the normal equations to obtain the full matrix of parameter estimate precisions, may be addressed by using highly optimised parallel matrix factorisation libraries. While offering notable reductions in time on multi-core CPU architectures, the simultaneous solution of extremely large measurement sets still requires excessive amounts of time and computational resources (if attainable). Historically, the challenge has been addressed by geodesists through a range of Helmert blocking or matrix partitioning techniques and sequential least squares models. While capable of producing rigorous parameter estimates, certain methods suffer from computational inefficiency; implementation complexity; inflexibility in re-forming the parameterised expressions upon the introduction of new measurements or non-rigorous variance matrices. Tienstra's phased least squares method is able to overcome all of the aforementioned problems, provided an efficient and flexible process is available for rigorously subdividing the parameters and measurements. In this contribution, we present an automatic segmentation algorithm and a strategy for parallelising Tienstra's phased least squares method using a dynamic scheduling queue. These developments offer a breakthrough in geodetic methodology, in that for the first time they allow for the rigorous solution of both parameters and variances from massive systems of observation equations subject to continual change in an adaptive and highly efficient manner.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2022.2163138

4. Assessing the performance of multi-GNSS precise point positioning technique on the geoid model validation
Mehmet Simav, Berkay Bahadur, Hasan Yıldız, Ayhan Cingöz, Metin Nohutcu & Erdinç Sezen

This study aims to investigate the comparative performance of PPP technique in evaluating the precision of three distinct geoid models and to quantify the contribution of GLONASS constellation to GPS as well as the effect of observation length. We use recently and concurrently measured GNSS and levelling data crossing rough topography with steep geoid slope in Türkiye. The RMSE statistics about the mean of the geometric minus gravimetric geoid heights reveal that at least 4-hours of static data should be collected regardless of the constellation. We find out encouraging results with 8-hours of GPS + GLONASS solutions having RSME values of 3.0, 5.0 and 21.5 cm in validating national, globally combined and satellite-only geoid models, respectively. The multi-GNSS PPP processing with a relatively long observation period yields comparable results to relative positioning though the latter still performs slightly better.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2167920

5. A novel solution to planar feature-constrained, dual quaternion-based registration method for point clouds
Raobo Li, Xiping Yuan, Shu Gan, Rui Bi, Sha Gao & Weidong Luo

To solve point cloud registration, a novel solution to planar feature-based registration of point clouds was proposed in this study according to dual quaternion description based on the constraint of planar feature. The normal vector of the homologous feature plane should be kept parallel according to the registration, and the points on the plane should satisfy the planar equation. Moreover, the modified Levenberg-Marquardt method was adopted to complete the registration model, so as to avoid inappropriate initial values from causing non-convergence of the iteration. Lastly, the robustness and accuracy exhibited by the method were verified using simulated and measured data.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2200353

6. Assessing the utilization of UAV technology for cadastre update applications in Turkey based on cost-benefit analysis
Kamil Karataş & Nurgül Seher Altınışık

The aim of this study is to examine the use of UAVs from various perspectives in cadastral update studies and present the advantages and disadvantages of this method. The cadastral data obtained through direct fieldwork, the stereo model created by UAV images, and the orthophoto developed from UAV images were compared within the scope of the cadastre update study. Based on the data obtained from the UAV, it was observed that the detail points were identified more accurately and in a shorter time, saving 66.0% of the time and 75.7% of the cost.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2207065

7. The enhanced search procedure in a coordinate domain for precise satellite positioning
Slawomir Cellmer, Krzysztof Nowel & Artur Fischer

Recently, there has been an increase in the availability of GNSS satellites for observation, which poses new challenges in the computational process of precise satellite positioning. Ambiguity resolution is a crucial step in achieving accurate relative positioning. In this regard, an improved version of a searching procedure in a three-dimensional coordinate domain has been proposed and tested. The method starts with a float solution, similar to classic methods like the LAMBDA. However, the subsequent step, the search procedure, is conducted in the coordinate space instead of the ambiguity space. This shift to a three-dimensional coordinate space leads to reduced computation time. A computational experiment was performed to validate the proposed method, which demonstrated a significant reduction in processing time. The advantages of this method are particularly prominent when dealing with a large number of satellites.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2228128

8. A field method to estimate the uncertainty of RTK measurements
Amin Alizadeh-Khameneh, Milan Horemuž, Johan Vium Andersson, Sara Wahlund & Lars Jämtnäs

The expected accuracies obtainable with Network Real-Time Kinematic (NRTK) measurements are of interest to surveyors working on construction projects. This study introduces an NRTK-based free stationing method called RUFRIS (Real Time Updated Free Station) which is independent from physically marked points. Integration of total station distance and direction observations with NRTK measurements enables uncertainty estimation of both total station and surveyed NRTK points. In Sweden, NRTK is conducted using the national network of permanent reference stations with different densifications (10, 35, 70 km). This paper investigates the applicability of the RUFRIS-method to estimate the uncertainty of NRTK measurements in the field.

Further information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00396265.2023.2229591